Explorers+-+Michelle.

= Antarctica Explorers =

1. Roald Amundson 2. Robert Falcon Scott 3. Richard E Byrd 4.Sir Ernest Shackleton 5. Ernest Shackletons ship Endurance
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Who was the first to reach the South Pole?
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When was the first sighting of Antarctica recorded?
===The first sighting of Antarctica was recorded on the 27th of january 1820,by a russian admiral called Thaddeus Von Bellingshausen.(Fabian Gottlieb Von Bellingshausen)Thaddeus Von Bellingshausen saw a ice land at 69 degree s and 2 degree w ,which was seemed to be covered with small hillocks which are small hills.Without knowing it, Thaddeus made a historical sight which now we know ,===

is the driest, windiest and coldest continent Antarctica.
====== = When did the first explorers set foot on Antarctica? =

The first female explorer to set foot on Antarctica was Edith Ronne.The Ronne ice shelf was named after her, by her husband Finn Ronne.
1.Map of the ice shelves 2.Edith Ronne 3.Finn Ronne

= What country were they from and who were they? = === The crew that first set foot on Antarctica was the crew from the boat Cecilia, it is an american vessel captained by John King Davis. Captain Davis was from Surrey in England and his crew was from England.Edith Ronne was from the United States. ===

= Who were the prominent early explorers and where did their expeditions go? =

The most important explorers would be Ernest Shackleton,Roald Amundsen ,Robert Falcon Scott, Richard e Byrd, Thaddeus Von Bellingshausen and Douglas Mawson.
===Ernest Shackletons expedition was to the south pole ,he travel to Antarctica on his ship the HMS Endurance but sadly the HMS Endurance got trapped in ice and was crushed near Elephant island. So for almost a year his crew and him had to eat seal ,penguin and whale meat and for warmth they used seal blubber (seal fat). Shackleton and his crew could not survive like that forever so Shackleton and 5 of his crew members got surviving longboats and sailed to a whaling station near the south of Georgia island which was 800 miles northward. So after weeks of rowing they landed on south Georgia island but it turned out that the island was inhabited, so they kept going and they had to cross a mountain range that no one has ever crossed, after weeks Shackleton and the five men made it to a whaling station and planned their expedition to save the rest of their crew member stranded near Elephant island, so for a year and a half stranded near Elephant island ,the crew members were finally saved by relief ships.=== 1.the Endurance row 2.the Endurance 3.Ernest Shackletons british flag on the south pole 4.Sir Ernest Shackleton

Roald Amundsen

Roald Amundsen's expedition was to the south pole, he was the first to the south pole.Amundsen also was the first to fly over Antarctica in a dririgible.
===Amundsen had a race with Robert Falcon Scott but unfortunately Scott lost the race, he arrived five weeks after Amundsen and was not able to make it back to his base .Amundsen and his men traveled very long distances, on the 14th of december 1911 they planted the norway flag on an area that he named called Polheim or land of the pole.He also left a note for Scott and this was what it said, "Dear captain Scott as you probaly are the next to reach this area after us, I kindly ask you to forward this letter to King Haakon VII. If you can use any of the articles inside the tent please don't hesitate to do so. The sledge left outside may be of use to you. With king regards I wish you a safe return . Yours truly Roald Amundsen".Amundsen only had 1 expedition but he was still exploring until , the one day he dissapeared near Bear Island during a rescue mission.===

Robert Falcon Scott ===Scott's Expedition was to the south pole, he lead two expeditions to the South Pole , but in the second expedition Scott died because that he did'nt bring the correct clothing.The clothing he wore wool instead of heavy down parkas.He brought with him white horses because Ernest Shackleton said that the white horses were the strongest even though ,horses were not surpose to stay In Antarctica for very long because they would freeze to death, he also brought heavy wooden sleds even though the sleds would stick to the ice.Scott's plan was to get to the South Pole first but unfortunately he arrived five weeks after Amundsen , Amundsen had told Scott that it was a race to the pole but Scott did'nt think that it was a race. Scott led a team of 4, the ones that joined him were Oates, Wilson,Bowers,Edgar and Evans .===

Richard E Byrd ===His goal was to fly over Antarctica, he acheived his goal.He led four expeditions to Antarctica, his first expedition was in 1928 to 1930, a base called little America was built on the Ross ice shelf. Near Little America an area was named Marie Byrd Land for Byrd's wife, on November the 29th Byrd who was navigator and three others took a 19 hour flight over the South Pole. His 2nd expedition was in 1933 to 1935, this expedition was mostly mapping land , claiming land and it was also a scientific expedition, Byrd spent 5 months in a weather station hut this weather station hut was called the Bolling Advance base. Byrd was rescued after suffering carbon monoxide poisoning.His third expedition was in 1939 to 1941, it was a US (United States ) government expedition. The expedition was called the US Antarctic Service Expedition, Byrd also discoverd Thurston island in Antarctica.The 4th expedition took place in 1946 to 1947 it was 7 years after his third expedition. His 4th expedition was also for the US govenment, this expedition was called the Operation Highjump. A ship-based, land-based aircraft mapped 1,390,000 square km along the Antarctic coast. The adventures are in his books Skyward, Little America and Alone.===



Thaddeus von Bellingshausen ===Thaddeus Von Bellingshausen's expedition was to reach the South Pole.Bellingshausen took 189 officers and crew members, he used the ships Vostok and smaller and slower ship Mirnyi.He was also the first person to record the sighting of Antarctica.In May 1819, a Russian explorer named Thaddeus Von Bellingshausen commanded a trip to Antarctica.He needed to build on Captain James Cook's explorations and find unknown land near the South Pole .=== ===There are two area's named after him ,the area's are called Bellingshausen sea which is located in the Southern ocean and the second one is called The Bellingshausen Island, which is located in the South Sandwich islands.=== ===Douglas Mawson's expedition was to go to King George V Land and Adelie land.Douglas Mawson was a Explorer from Bradford ,Yorkshire ,he moved to Australia and grew up in Glebe.Mawson focused on research and finding about the truth not the fame or wealth.In 1911 Mawson led a expedition to King George V Land and Adelie Land in 1911, he led a team of two with sled dogs , but then both of his companions died on the way because of vitamin a poisoning and falling into a hole. Mawson spent several weeks alone with minimal supplies, he traveled alone for weeks and on his way to the ship he fell into a hole and was trying to get back up with ropes. Luckily he made it back to the top and was able to continue his way going back to the ship, on his way to the ship he found food supplies stacked up , so now he had to try his best to get to the ship before it leaves. The ship had left but luckily Captain John Davis left some of the crew in Antarctica just in case anyone returned, when Mawson got there he saw humans and was saved but Mawson and the crew had to stay for 3 more years because of winter in Anatarctica.===



Why did they go there ?
===Ernest Shackleton went to Antarctica so he could cross the continent of Antarctica through the South Pole.Roald Amundsen went to Antarctica so that he could be the first person to reach the South Pole, and it turned out that he was the first person to reach the South Pole.The third person is Robert Falcon Scott, Scott went to Antarctica so that he could be the first to the South Pole but unfortunately he did'nt become the first to reached the South Pole and he also died on the way back .Richard E Byrd went to Antarctica so that he could map and claim land in Antarctica.Thaddeus Von Bellingshausen went to Antarctica so he could lead an expedition to the Antarctic circle. Douglas Mawson went to Anatcrtica because he wanted to do scientific research.=== = Did they all survive? = ===Not all the explorers survived. The ones who survived were Ernest Shackleton,Roald Amundsen,Richard E Byrd ,Thaddeus Von Bellingshausen and Douglas Mawson. The one who did'nt survive was Robert Falcon Scott ,he died on the way back from his second expedition.=== = Who was the first to reach the south pole? = ===The first person to reach the south pole was a norweign explorer called Roald Amundson ,he Also made it to the north pole .He made it to the south pole just 4 weeks before a English royal navy officer named Robert Falcon Scott. Roald Amundson spent 99 days racing with Scott ,Amundson led a team of 4 people and they made it all the way back home, and he was the first explorer that made it all the way back home from the south pole.=== media type="custom" key="23607716" width="160" height="160"

Theses are pictures of Roald Amundsen
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This is a 2 minute video with pictures, of the Roald Amundsen voyage to the south pole
= 5 facts =

2.Robert Falcon Scott was the first to hold a expedition to the south pole
In 1899 Scott held the first expedition to Antarctica the trip took 3 years.

3.Roald Amundsen was the first to make it to the south pole
There was a race between Scott and Amundsen, on December the 14th in 1911 Amundsen,made it to the south pole five weeks before Robert Falcon Scott. Amundsen's team also made it safely all the way back to their base but Scott and four of his team died on the way back from the combination of starvation, exhaustion and extreme cold.

4.Australia has the most land on Antarctica
Australia has 1/3 of the land on Antarctica.

5.Richard E Byrd was the first to fly over Antarctica
Richard E Byrd flew a plane over Antarctica and was said that it was the first plane to fly over Anatrctica.



= Sources =