Sovereignty+-+Alex

What countries have a claim on Antarctica and what activities do they conduct in the region? What is the impact of these activities? Are these impacts on the Antarctic environment positive or negative? Do people live in Antarctica all year round or for short periods only. =Antarctica Claims= Antarctica is 3880 kilometers due south of Perth, and we (Australia) own the most territory of Antarctica. Casey is the closest permanent Antarctic station to Australia. Australia is among seven nations that have claimed territory in Antarctica. These claims are based on discovery and effective occupation of the claimed area, and are legal according to each nation's laws. Three countries - United States, Chile and Argentina have overlapping claims in Antarctica. =The Geophysical Year (IGY)= Antarctica's harsh environment and it's remoteness has meant that land exploration by humans is quite recent, most of it been accomplished in the last 100 years. During the international geophysical year (IGY), 12 countries set up stations for scientific research on the continent, including the seven that previously asserted sovereignty over parts of Antarctica. Some countries explicitly recognize these claims; some have a policy of not recognizing any claims in Antarctica, and others reserve the right to make a claim of their own. =The Australian Claim= The Australian territory was claimed by the United Kingdom and placed under the authority of the Commonwealth Australia in 1933. It is the largest territory of Antarctica claimed by any nation. Since the Antarctic Treaty came into force in 1961.media type="custom" key="23602902" width="251" height="251"

=The Antarctica Treaty= The Antarctic treaty was designed to provide an agreement for the future care and use of Antarctica, as well as the territory's and other disputes. It encourages international cooperation in scientific research. The Antarctic Treaty which is at the heart of the regime that covers the vast region of the sea land surrounding the South Pole, and has been in force for at least 50 years. Australia and the Antarctic Treaty System examines Australians crucial contribution. The Antarctic Treaty was also signed in Washington on the 1st of December 1959 by the twelve countries whose scientist's has been has been active in and around Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58. It has been canceled to many other nations, and the total number of parties to the treaty is now 50.

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This is one of the treaty parties
=Some nations that have a claim in Antarctica=

= = =AUSTRALIA=

Australia owns 42% of Antarctica and covers nearly 5.9 square kilometers it was claimed in 1933 about 80 years ago and it is the biggest territorial claim on Antarctica by any nation.

=NORWAY=

Norway has the second largest claim on Antarctica and it was claimed in 1939 which is 6 years past Australia's claim on Antarctica and an explorer named Roald Amundsen who was a Norwegian and was the first man to reach to the south pole with his team.



=UNITED KINGDOM= = = United Kingdom was the first country to have a claim on Antarctica and the territory was formed on March 3 in 1908 a long time ago. Robert Falcon Scott and Sir Ernest Shackleton were both English explorers.

=The Nations Station=

A number of governments pick permanent research stations in Antarctica, the stations in the North Pole are set up on drifting ice but the South Pole set up their stations on either rock or hard ice. Many stations are staffed around the year





= = =This is showing the stations owned by the countries.=

=SOURCES=

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