Penguins+-+Lorin

How many species of penguins are found in the world and how many of these are found in Antarctica and what are their names? Where is their habitat located within Antarctica?

Do they have any natural predators?
====‍ Choose three (3) species of penguins and in detail discuss the similarities and differences between them. ====

__** Introducing Antarctica**__
Antarctica is the most coldest, driest and windiest continent on Earth, and has the highest average elevation of all continents. The name Antarctica means "opposite of the north". Although Antarctica being the coldest, driest and widest continent on Earth, it is also considered a desert because it is 254 mm (10 in) off annuel rainfall. Antarctica is the 5th largest continent in the area of Asia, Africa, North America and South America. About 90% of Antarctica is covered by ice and that is 1 mile (1.6 km) in thickness.



=**__Penguin Information__**= There are 17 species of penguins world wide which of 7 live in Antarctica. Penguins in general have a few natural predators. On land, skuas which is a common name for members of a bird genus of gull family. Gull is a common name for species with a long winged web-footed seabirds and giant petrels, which is also a sea bird. Penguins eggs and chicks wait while seals hunt adult penguins and destroys their nests. All penguins eat krill (a shrimp-like crustacean the family Euphavsiidae. Adelie penguins feed primarily on small krill. Emperor and king penguins mainly eat fishes and squids. Penguins often slide on there tummies over or even snow. This is called Tobogganing. =__**E**____**mperor Penguin**__= Emperor Penguins are only found in Antarctica. The Emperor Penguin is the largest of all the penguins in Antarctica, he/she lives in the harshest weather of any animal on our planet. The female penguin lays one egg and the male penguin keeps it on top of its feet to keep it warm. They eat fish and crustaceans such as craps and shrimp but mainly fishes and squids. They weigh about 60 to 90 pounds. Its surprising that they weigh that much because these extraordinary penguins are the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and is endemic to Antarctica. They have a black head, chin and throat. They have short wings because it helps them dive and they have brown eyes. **Did you know?** Emperor penguins can dive deeper then any other bird and can stay under water for more then 20 minutes.

__**Adelie penguin**__
Adelie penguin lives on many different islands off the cost of Antarctica. This penguin isn't like the Emperor penguin, this penguin is the smallest of all the Antarctica penguins. These penguins are the most common species along the entire Antarctic coast. They eat fish and krill. The Adelie penguin don't drink water, but they eat snow. They have a black head with a white ring around there eyes. Their tails are a little longer then other penguins' tails. The Adelie penguin is med-sized, being up to 46 to 75cm (18 to 30in length and 3.6 to 6kg).These awesome penguins can swim up to 45 miles per hour. They are very highly social in nesting groups. They are mainly known for eating Antarctic krill, ice krill,Antarctic silverfish ,sea krill and Glacial Squid. =__**Chinstrap**__ __Penguin__= The chinstrap penguin is found in south sandwich(Antarctica),south Orkneys, South Georgia Bouvet and Island Balleny. They can grow up to 68cm,27 in length ,and a weight of 6kg. However their weight can drop as low as 3kg depending on the breeding. The males are larger and heavier then females. There faces are white extending behind the eyes, which are reddish-brown. The chin and throat are white as well, while there short bill is black. There strong legs are pink. The Chinstrap penguin is considered the most aggressive species out of all the penguins. The chinstrap penguin have a typical lifespans. =__**Krill Fish**__= Krill fish are small Crustaceans of the order Euphausiacea. Kill's are a very important food sores to from smaller animals like fish or penguins to larger ones for example seals or even Baleen whales. Krill's normally swim at pace of 5-10cm/s ( 2-3 there body lengths per seconds using their amazing swimmerets of propulsion).Female Antarctic krill lay up to 10,000 eggs at a time, sometimes several times a season. Krill have often been called the 'key' animals of the Antarctic region. In winter, they have to use other food sources such as the algae which grows on the underside of the pack ice, detritus on the sea-floor or the other animals in the water. Krill can survive for long periods (up to 200 days) without food and can shrink in length as they starve. Krill has been harvested as a food source for humans and domesticated animals since at least the 19th century, and possibly earlier in Japan, where it was known as okiami. =__**Harsh Environment**__= Penguins have to keep high body temperatures to remain active. Penguins have really thick skin and lots of fat, it helps them keep warm in cold weather. The layer of fat under the skin is called  Blubber, exactly like whales. The dark coloured feathers of a penguins back surface absorbs the heat from the sun. Many species of penguins huddle together, sometimes even 5,000 penguins huddle all together. Penguin rup oil from a gland on to their fluffy feathers to help make them waterproof and windproof.

=__**Gentoo Penguins**__= The Gentoo penguin is the third largest penguin species in the world. Gentoo Males have a maximum weight of about 8.5 kg just before molting, and a minimum weight of about 4.9 kg just before mating. Gentoo penguins lives in Antarctica. They mainly live on rocky coastlines so they are known for their jumping. They are really fond of chewing on human hair. There very easily recongnized by their wide white stripe extending like a bonnet. Adult Gentoo's reach a height of 51 to 90 cm. They are the fastest underwater swimming penguins, they can reach a speed of 36kph and dive to 120meters. Sea lions, Leopard seals and Orca are all predators of the Gentoo.